Terminology in the Design & Print Industry

Graphic Art, Design and Print like most industries generally contain wording and terminology, which is often unique or offers a different interpretation from those in common usage.

Below is a list of the terms you may encounter when dealing with promotional, marketing or advertising projects.


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Design

The process of creating drawings, lettering, images and general ornamentation.

Digital Printing

Printing of electronic images direct to a colour laser printer without the need for offset printing and its associated processes.

Die cutting

Process of creating special shapes in paper in the production of a project.

Digital Proof

A print of the artwork at various stages of completion on a colour laser printer (normally called a `Proof').

Drop Shadow

A tone of colour or a line which falls on one side of an image or text to create a 3 dimensional effect

Dummy

A rough layout of a job to communicate initial ideas and other significant details.

Duotone

A halftone picture made up of two printed colours.

DVD-ROM

Optical Storage disc, Stores ~ 4.7 Gigabytes of information

Embossing

Raised image to achieve a raised printed surface.

Foil Stamping

Process, which lays down a foil applied with heat in lieu of a printed image.

FTP

Acronym for File Transfer Protocol- a method of transferring files between computers connected to the internet.

GIF

A low resolution bitmap file format (Graphical Interchange Format)

Gigabyte

One billion bytes of information (1000 megabytes)

Graduation

Gradual Transition from one tone to another. i.e. dark to light or one colour to another.

Grain

The paper making process imparts a grain direction in which most fibres within that paper stock lie.

Grammage

Weight of a standard area of paper, expressed in grams per square metre (gsm).

Grey Scale

A range of tones from white to black.

Hi-Bulk

A paper made thicker than its standard basis weight.

Imposition

Laying out of pages so that they will be incorrect order after the printed sheet is folded.

Italic Type

A version of type where the letters slope forward, to provide word emphasis or other distinguishing feature.

JPEG

A bitmap file format (Joint Photographic Experts Group).

Justify/Justification

The spacing of Words & Letters to vertically align the left and/or right of a column

Kerning

Involves closing up of the type body where the letter shape results in uneven spacing e.g. LT

Kilobyte

One thousand bytes of information.

Laid Finish

A paper containing lines or ribs created during the manufacturing process to enhance the visual appearance of the paper.

Laminate

To cover with a fine plastic film to enhance appearance and protect the printed job.

Landscape

Orientation of a page whereby the width is greater than the height.

Leaf

Two pages of a book, the front and back of a single page.

Linen Finish

A paper finished with an embossed texture resembling Linen Cloth.

Make Ready

Final machine preparation stage prior to printing.

Margins

Space surrounding the print area of a page.

Matt Coating/Finish

Paper finish with a dull finish, without any gloss.

Megabyte

One million bytes of information.

Mottle

Spotty or uneven appearance of printing

Negative

Image reversal where dark images turn light and light images turn dark in the same proportions.